ГДЗ по английскому языку, 11 класс, Афанасьева, номер p22.3: History ACROSS THE CURRICULUM

Союз whereas используется для противопоставления двух фактов. В викторианскую эпоху условия жизни были кардинально разными.

• Whereas children from upper and middle-class families were educated at home or in prestigious schools, working-class children often had to work in factories or mines from a very young age.
• Whereas wealthy women were expected to manage the household and engage in social activities, poor women had to work long hours outside the home to support their families.

Союз but подчеркивает неожиданное или резкое отличие внутри одной категории или между двумя близкими понятиями.

• Both classes valued family structure, but the definition of "family duty" differed significantly:for the rich it was about maintaining status, while for the poor it was about survival.
• Middle-class fathers were often absent due to work commitments, but they still held strict authority over their households, unlike some working-class fathers who shared domestic burdens more equally out of necessity.

Союз both указывает на то, что утверждение верно для двух групп одновременно. Несмотря на различия, существовали общие черты викторианского общества.

• Both upper/middle-class and working-class families adhered to strict moral codes and religious values prevalent in Victorian society.
• Both types of families experienced high infant mortality rates, although medical care was accessible only to the wealthy.
• In both social groups, marriage was considered the most important life event for women, regardless of their economic status.